Design and implementation of a dual-input single-output photovoltaic converter

In many solar inverters, a dc/dc converter is mainly located between the solar arrays and the inverter. This study presents an enhanced maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm for photovoltaic (PV) systems that drives solar array voltages to track a reference value and decreases fluctuations and oscillations in PV voltage. Different from the previously presented methods, a novel MPPT method is proposed that ensures tracking accuracy by considering output voltage in addition to input voltage and currents. The proposed method detects dI/dV variations, compares the output voltage with the desired reference to shift operation mode and refreshes step size. The digital filtering, enhanced PI, and perturb-and-observe (P&O) tracking features of the proposed MPPT method make it robust to mitigate source fluctuations and sensitivity to partial shading based oscillations. In order to validate the success of the proposed method, a test rig has been installed with dual boost converters. The performance improvements have been verified by both simulation and experimental results that are compared to InCon and P&O MPPT methods. It is also confirmed by experimental results that the proposed MPPT method provides robust control capability in terms of tracking the reference voltage and rejecting the effects of various shading situations on solar arrays

Internet of Things Applications as Energy Internet in Smart Grids and Smart Environments

Energy Internet (EI) has been recently introduced as a new concept, which aims to evolve smart grids by integrating several energy forms into an extremely flexible and effective grid. In this paper, we have comprehensively analyzed Internet of Things (IoT) applications enabled for smart grids and smart environments, such as smart cities, smart homes, smart metering, and energy management infrastructures to investigate the development of the EI based IoT applications. These applications are promising key areas of the EI concept, since the IoT is considered one of the most important driving factors of the EI. Moreover, we discussed the challenges, open issues, and future research opportunities for the EI concept based on IoT applications and addressed some important research areas

A survey on smart metering and smart grid communication

WOS: 000370456000023The smart metering and communication methods used in smart grid are being extensively studied owing to widespread applications of smart grid. Although the monitoring and control processes are widely used in industrial systems, the energy management requirements at both service supplier and consumer side for individuals promoted the evolution of smart grid. In this paper, it is aimed to disclose in a clear and clean way that what smart grid is and what kind of communication methods are used. All components of a smart grid are introduced in a logical way to facilitate the understanding, and communication methods are presented regarding to their improvements, advantages, and lacking feature. The developing generation, transmission, distribution and customer appliances are surveyed in terms of smart grid integration. The communication technologies are introduced as wireline and wireless classification where the key features are also tabulated. The security requirements of hardware and software in a smart grid are presented according to their cyber and physical structures. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

From smart grid to internet of energy

From Smart Grid to Internet of Energy covers novel and emerging metering and monitoring technologies, communication systems, and technologies in smart grid areas to present a valuable reference for readers from various engineering backgrounds. Considering relevant topics on the essentials of smart grids and emerging wireless communication systems, such as IEEE 802.15.4 based novel technologies, cognitive radio networks and Internet of Energy, this book offers a discussion on the emerging trends and research direction for communication technologies. The book includes research concepts and visualization of smart grids and related communication technologies, making it a useful book for practicing network engineers

Design and Implementation of Wireless Energy Monitoring System for Smart Grids

Measurement and remote monitoring process are very important processes for smart grids. In this study, design and implementation of smart metering system and remote monitoring system for smart grids are proposed. Designed smart metering system is capable of measuring quantities of DC current, DC voltage and power values. In order to convert measured quantities into suitable formats for transmitting wirelessly, a microcontroller-based signal processing system is designed and is implemented. Afterwards, measured voltage and current values are transmitted to receiver unit entitled as energy monitoring center by utilizing wireless communication methods. The communication infrastructure of the proposed system is conducted by ZigBee protocol due to its offered advantages such as being low cost, easy programming and low power consumption. Moreover, an interface is designed by C# programming language in Visual Stuio.Net to monitor received information by energy monitoring center in a real time. The conducted studies showed that the proposed smart metering and remote monitoring system could be efficiently utilized to observe current, voltage and power values of photovoltaic panels

On the Nakagami-m Inverse Cumulative Distribution Function: Closed-Form Expression and Its Optimization by Backtracking Search Optimization Algorithm

WOS: 000386663400001The inverse cumulative distribution function (CDF) is utilized in several areas such as statistical applications, Monte Carlo methods and communication systems. In wireless communications, the Nakagami-m inverse CDF is widely used to obtain outage probabilities of systems. However, calculation of the Nakagami-m inverse CDF is troublesome and there is no a closed-form expression. Simpler and more accurate approximation for the Nakagami-m inverse CDF is derived in this paper. Moreover, coefficients of the proposed approximation are optimized by using backtracking search optimization algorithm which is a new evolutionary algorithm to solve optimization problems. The obtained results show that the proposed approximation and exact values of the Nakagami-m inverse CDF are in well agreement for all cases

Digital Transformation of Microgrids: A Review of Design, Operation, Optimization, and Cybersecurity

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the future digitalization of microgrids to meet the increasing energy demand. It begins with an overview of the background of microgrids, including their components and configurations, control and management strategies, and optimization techniques. It then discusses the key digital technologies that can be used to improve the performance of microgrids, including distributed energy resources management systems, the Internet of Things, big data analytics, blockchain technology, artificial intelligence, digital twin technology, cloud computing, and augmented reality. The paper also highlights the importance of cybersecurity in microgrids, identifying the potential security vulnerabilities and threats to microgrid cybersecurity, as well as strategies for addressing these challenges. Finally, the paper discusses the barriers and challenges regarding the digitalization of microgrids, including technical complexity, high implementation costs, regulatory barriers, data privacy and security concerns, lack of standardization, interoperability issues, limited technical expertise, and integration with the main grid. Overall, this paper demonstrates the significant potential for digital technologies to transform the future of microgrids. By leveraging advanced technologies and implementing effective cybersecurity measures, microgrids can become more efficient, reliable, and resilient, enabling them to meet the growing demand for energy and contribute to a sustainable energy future

Design and analysis of a micro inverter for PV plants

Renewable energy sources are obviously accepted as clean energy sources of future. The solar energy is the most popular among other renewable energy sources in all over the world. Many studies are performed on photovoltaics (PVs) and solar energy systems. Inverter is the most important power converter section of photovoltaic systems in terms of efficiency in changing weather conditions. This study presents the design and analysis of a micro inverter for PV systems. The proposed micro inverter is designed by using MATLAB Simulink software, and the control algorithms are implemented according to Incremental Conductance method. It consists of isolated boost converter with Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) and H-bridge inverter with PI controller. The reaction of system has been observed under changing irradiation conditions. The implemented micro inverter has compensated the irradiation changes at boost converter stage, and dc-ac conversion process is performed regarding to the designed PI controller. The dc bus voltage is increased to around 300V, and the HF transformer is used to increase inverter input voltage to 420V. The output of inverter is generated with the support of PI controller to track 220Vrms line voltage. The THD rates for both voltage and current are measured at 0.51% in FFT spectrum, and the overall power of the micro inverter is supplied around 315W

Highly reliable LDPC coded data transfer in home networks by using Canete's PLC channel model

Power line communication (PLC) methods are presently among the most popular technologies for home environments due to their low-cost installation opportunities. In this study, the bit error rate (BER) performance of low-density parity-check (LDPC) coded communication systems is presented by using Canete's PLC channel model over power lines in home networks. Various soft and hard decision LDPC decoders such as belief propagation (BP), weighted bit flipping (WBF), improved weighted bit flipping (IWBF) and implementation-efficient reliability ratio based weighted bit flipping (IRRWBF) decoders are employed in the modeled network. All of the simulations performed in Canete's PLC channel model showed that remarkable performance improvement can be achieved by using short-length LDPC codes. Especially, the improvements are striking when the BP or IRRWBF decoding algorithms are employed on the receiver side. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Beaulieu-Xie Gölgelemeli Sönümlü Kanallar İçin Efektif Kanal Kapasite İfadesinin Kuramsal Türetimi

Bu çalışma, alıcı-verici arasındaki hattın tek ve Beaulieu-Xie gölgelemeli (BX-shadowed, BX-S) sönümlenmeye sahip olduğu bir sistem için efektif kanal kapasitesi (effective channel capacity, Ceff) analizini sunmaktadır. Çalışmada Ceff ifadesi kuramsal olarak türetilmekte, türetimler için BX-S sönümlenmesine ait olasılık yoğunluk fonksiyonundan (probability density function, PDF) yararlanılmaktadır. Ceff ifadesinin doğruluğu bilgisayar benzetimleri ile gösterilmeye çalışılmakta, farklı parametre değişimleri ile çeşitli senaryolar incelenmektedir